mineral

Carnelian agate (likely)

Cryptocrystalline quartz, SiO₂; orange chalcedony with iron-oxide staining

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness 6.5–7 Mohs; translucent white, cream, orange, and reddish-brown bands or patches; waxy to vitreous luster; microcrystalline quartz with no visible cleavage and conchoidal fracture. The polished, tumbled surface is glossy.

Identified September 15, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms when silica-rich groundwater fills cavities and fractures, depositing chalcedony; iron impurities create the orange-red coloration. Agates commonly formed in volcanic rocks during the Cenozoic and older geological periods.

Uses & applications

Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, ornaments, and lapidary objects; durable enough for decorative stone and small jewelry pieces.

Geological facts

Carnelian is the orange-red variety of chalcedony, while agate typically shows banding or patterned color zones. Heating can intensify pale chalcedony’s red-orange color.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its fine-grained, waxy appearance, translucency, hardness, and lack of cleavage; a steel file should not easily scratch it. Common sources include Brazil, Uruguay, India, Madagascar, and the United States.