mineral
Carnelian Agate
Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2) with Iron Oxide impurities
Hardness: 6.5-7; Color: Orange, red-orange, translucent; Luster: Waxy to vitreous; Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Orange, red-orange, translucent
- Luster
- Waxy to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7; Color: Orange, red-orange, translucent; Luster: Waxy to vitreous; Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64
Formation & geological history
Formed by the deposition of silica from groundwater within cavities of igneous and sedimentary rocks. The orange color is due to iron oxide (hematite) impurities.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in jewelry, lapidary arts, decorative carvings, and as a popular pocket stone for collectors.
Geological facts
In ancient times, carnelian was used as a signet stone for seals because hot wax does not stick to it. It has been used in jewelry for over 4,000 years.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy luster and translucent orange hue. Commonly found in Brazil, India, and the Pacific Northwest of the USA. Look for smooth, rounded pebbles in riverbeds or coastal areas.
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