mineral
Carnelian Agate
Chalcedony (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs). Color: Translucent orange to reddish-brown. Luster: Vitreous to waxy. Crystal structure: Trigonal/Microcrystalline. Specific gravity: 2.58-2.64.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Translucent orange to reddish-brown
- Luster
- Vitreous to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs). Color: Translucent orange to reddish-brown. Luster: Vitreous to waxy. Crystal structure: Trigonal/Microcrystalline. Specific gravity: 2.58-2.64.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the deposition of silica-rich groundwater in cavities of igneous and sedimentary rocks. Its reddish color is derived from iron oxide impurities (hematite) during formation.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in lapidary work for cabochons, beads, intaglios, and decorative carvings. Highly valued in jewelry and as spiritual healing stones.
Geological facts
Carnelian was used as early as the Neolithic period to make beads. Ancient Egyptians often used it in amulets and jewelry to symbolize the setting sun and vital energy.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its translucent, waxy appearance and warm orange glow when backlit (as shown in the image). Commonly found in Brazil, India, Madagascar, and Uruguay.
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