mineral
Carnelian Agate
Silicon Dioxide (Chalcedony variety)
Hardness: 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale. Color: Red, reddish-orange, brownish-orange, with white/translucent banding. Luster: Vitreous to waxy. Crystal structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline quartz). Cleavage: None. Specific gravity: 2.58-2.64.
- Hardness
- 6
- Luster
- Vitreous to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale. Color: Red, reddish-orange, brownish-orange, with white/translucent banding. Luster: Vitreous to waxy. Crystal structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline quartz). Cleavage: None. Specific gravity: 2.58-2.64.
Formation & geological history
Forms in cavities of volcanic and sedimentary rocks where silica-rich groundwater deposits microcrystalline quartz layers over long periods.
Uses & applications
Used widely in jewelry, cabochons, carvings, and as a popular specimen for collectors.
Geological facts
Carnelian has been prized since ancient times, used by the ancient Egyptians as a stone of protection and by Roman warriors for signet rings because hot wax does not stick to it.
Field identification & locations
Can be identified by its waxy luster, distinct orange-red coloration, and Conchoidal fracture. Found globally including Brazil, India, Madagascar, and the US.
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