mineral
Carnelian / Agate
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Chalcedony
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, vitreous to waxy luster, trigonal microcrystalline crystal structure, conchoidal fracture, white streak, specific gravity around 2.58-2.64. Color ranges from translucent orange-red, reddish-brown, to whitish quartz zones.
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Physical properties
Hardness 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, vitreous to waxy luster, trigonal microcrystalline crystal structure, conchoidal fracture, white streak, specific gravity around 2.58-2.64. Color ranges from translucent orange-red, reddish-brown, to whitish quartz zones.
Formation & geological history
Formed at low temperatures through the precipitation of silica-rich solutions in the cavities and veins of volcanic, igneous, or sedimentary rocks.
Uses & applications
Widely used in jewelry making, beadwork, cabochons, carvings, and lapidary crafts. Popular as a healing stone and collector specimen.
Geological facts
Carnelian has been used as a gemstone for over 4,500 years. Ancient Romans used carnelian to make engraved rings for signets, as wax would not stick to it.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its waxy luster, translucency, reddish-orange hues, and high hardness (scratches glass). Commonly found in gravel beds, river beaches, and volcanic terrains globally.
