gemstone
Carnelian Agate
Silicon Dioxide (Chalcedony variety), SiO2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectMohs hardness of 6.5 to 7. Displays translucent to opaque reddish-orange color with waxy luster and cryptocrystalline structure. Specific gravity is approximately 2.60.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7. Displays translucent to opaque reddish-orange color with waxy luster and cryptocrystalline structure. Specific gravity is approximately 2.60.
Formation & geological history
Forms in cavities of volcanic and metamorphic rocks through the rhythmic deposition of silica-rich groundwater solutions over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Widely utilized in fine jewelry, beads, carved intaglios, and cherished as a collectible mineral specimen.
Geological facts
Ancient Egyptians referred to carnelian as the setting sun and used it in funerary amulets for safe passage into the afterlife. It is one of the oldest gemstones used by human civilization.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its distinctive translucent banding, conchoidal fracture, and vibrant orange-to-red hues. Found globally, with notable deposits in Brazil, India, and the United States.
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