mineral
Carnelian (Tumbled Quartz)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Chalcedony variety
Hardness: 6.5 - 7 on Mohs scale. Color: Orange to reddish-orange. Luster: Waxy to vitreous. Crystal structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline/cryptocrystalline). Cleavage: None. Specific Gravity: 2.58 - 2.64.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Orange to reddish-orange
- Luster
- Waxy to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5 - 7 on Mohs scale. Color: Orange to reddish-orange. Luster: Waxy to vitreous. Crystal structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline/cryptocrystalline). Cleavage: None. Specific Gravity: 2.58 - 2.64.
Formation & geological history
Formed in low-temperature hydrothermal environments or weathered volcanic rocks through the deposition of silica-rich solutions in cavities.
Uses & applications
Used widely in lapidary work, jewelry making (cabochons, beads), decorative crafts, and metaphysical healing collections.
Geological facts
Carnelian's rich orange-red color comes from iron oxide impurities (goethite/hematite) within the microcrystalline quartz structure. It has been used for lapidary work and intaglio seals for over 4,000 years.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its warm translucent orange color, waxy luster, and resistance to scratches by steel. Commonly found in Brazil, India, Madagascar, and parts of the USA.
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