mineral

Carnelian (Tumbled Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Chalcedony variety

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 6.5 - 7 on Mohs scale. Color: Orange to reddish-orange. Luster: Waxy to vitreous. Crystal structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline/cryptocrystalline). Cleavage: None. Specific Gravity: 2.58 - 2.64.

Hardness: 6
Color: Orange to reddish-orange
Luster: Waxy to vitreous

Identified July 22, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in low-temperature hydrothermal environments or weathered volcanic rocks through the deposition of silica-rich solutions in cavities.

Uses & applications

Used widely in lapidary work, jewelry making (cabochons, beads), decorative crafts, and metaphysical healing collections.

Geological facts

Carnelian's rich orange-red color comes from iron oxide impurities (goethite/hematite) within the microcrystalline quartz structure. It has been used for lapidary work and intaglio seals for over 4,000 years.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its warm translucent orange color, waxy luster, and resistance to scratches by steel. Commonly found in Brazil, India, Madagascar, and parts of the USA.