mineral

Carnelian (Tumbled)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, waxy to vitreous luster, translucent to semi-translucent, brownish-red to orange hue, trigonal crystal system (microcrystalline aggregate).

Identified July 23, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, waxy to vitreous luster, translucent to semi-translucent, brownish-red to orange hue, trigonal crystal system (microcrystalline aggregate).

Formation & geological history

Formed through low-temperature precipitation of silica-rich fluids within volcanic cavities, veins, and sedimentary deposits, often colored by iron oxide impurities.

Uses & applications

Popular for lapidary work, jewelry (beads, cabochons, carved intaglios), tumbling, and pocket stones for crystal collections.

Geological facts

Carnelian has been used in jewelry making for over 4,500 years. Ancient Romans used carved carnelian signet rings to seal wax documents because hot wax does not stick to it.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its distinctive warm orange-red translucency and smooth polish when tumbled. Commonly found in India, Brazil, Madagascar, Uruguay, and the United States.