mineral
Carnelian (Tumbled)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, waxy to vitreous luster, translucent to semi-translucent, brownish-red to orange hue, trigonal crystal system (microcrystalline aggregate).
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Physical properties
Hardness 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, waxy to vitreous luster, translucent to semi-translucent, brownish-red to orange hue, trigonal crystal system (microcrystalline aggregate).
Formation & geological history
Formed through low-temperature precipitation of silica-rich fluids within volcanic cavities, veins, and sedimentary deposits, often colored by iron oxide impurities.
Uses & applications
Popular for lapidary work, jewelry (beads, cabochons, carved intaglios), tumbling, and pocket stones for crystal collections.
Geological facts
Carnelian has been used in jewelry making for over 4,500 years. Ancient Romans used carved carnelian signet rings to seal wax documents because hot wax does not stick to it.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive warm orange-red translucency and smooth polish when tumbled. Commonly found in India, Brazil, Madagascar, Uruguay, and the United States.
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