mineral
Carnelian
Silicon dioxide (Chalcedony variety), SiO2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectMohs hardness of 6.5 to 7; orange to reddish-brown color; waxy to vitreous luster; cryptocrystalline structure with conchoidal fracture.
Identified More mineral →
Explore Carnelian in the encyclopedia →Identify your own rocks.
Get a report just like this from any photo, free.
Physical properties
Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7; orange to reddish-brown color; waxy to vitreous luster; cryptocrystalline structure with conchoidal fracture.
Formation & geological history
Forms in low-temperature hydrothermal environments or as groundwater deposits filling cavities in volcanic and sedimentary rocks.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in jewelry, as a gemstone for rings and pendants, and historically for carved signet seals and talismans.
Geological facts
Carnelian was highly prized in ancient Egypt and Rome, often used to create royal signet rings and amulets for the afterlife.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive orange-red translucent color and conchoidal fracture; commonly found in India, Brazil, and the US.
