mineral

Carnelian

Carnelian (variety of Chalcedony, SiO2)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs; Color: Orange, reddish-brown, pale peach; Luster: Vitreous to waxy (especially when tumbled); Structure: Cryptocrystalline; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64

Hardness: 6
Color: Orange, reddish-brown, pale peach
Luster: Vitreous to waxy (especially when tumbled)

Identified July 18, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs; Color: Orange, reddish-brown, pale peach; Luster: Vitreous to waxy (especially when tumbled); Structure: Cryptocrystalline; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64

Formation & geological history

Formed via the deposition of silica in gas cavities (vesicles) of volcanic rocks at low temperatures. Its color is derived from iron oxide impurities. It can be found in sedimentary or volcanic environments.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in jewelry (beads, cabochons, rings), seal stones, carvings, and as a popular collector's tumbled stone.

Geological facts

Ancient Egyptians called carnelian "the setting sun" and believed it had protective powers. It was widely used in ancient Roman signet rings for sealing wax as it does not stick to hot wax.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its waxy luster, translucency, and warm orange-red hue with no visible crystal grains. Commonly found in Brazil, India, Uruguay, and Madagascar. Look for it in riverbeds or coastal gravels in volcanic regions.