gemstone
Carnelian
Silicon dioxide (Chalcedony variety), SiO2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectMohs hardness of 7, brownish-red to orange-red color, vitreous to waxy luster, microcrystalline (cryptocrystalline) quartz structure with conchoidal fracture.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness of 7, brownish-red to orange-red color, vitreous to waxy luster, microcrystalline (cryptocrystalline) quartz structure with conchoidal fracture.
Formation & geological history
Forms in low-temperature hydrothermal environments and cavities of volcanic or sedimentary rocks via silica-rich groundwater deposition.
Uses & applications
Widely used for tumbled stones, beads, carved intaglios, and jewelry.
Geological facts
Historically valued in ancient Egypt, Rome, and Mesopotamia for seals and royal signet rings.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its distinct orange-red translucency and lack of cleavage; commonly sourced from India, Brazil, and Uruguay.
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