mineral
Carnelian
Silicon dioxide (Chalcedony variety, SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectMohs hardness of 6.5 to 7; orange to brownish-red color; waxy to vitreous luster; microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline crystal structure; conchoidal fracture with no cleavage.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7; orange to brownish-red color; waxy to vitreous luster; microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline crystal structure; conchoidal fracture with no cleavage.
Formation & geological history
Forms in low-temperature hydrothermal environments and cavities of volcanic or sedimentary rocks through the deposition of silica-rich groundwater.
Uses & applications
Widely used in gemstone jewelry, signet rings, beads, ornamental carvings, and historical talismans.
Geological facts
Carnelian was prized in ancient Egypt as a stone representing life and protection, often used in royal jewelry and funerary amulets.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its distinct translucent orange-red hue, waxy luster, and lack of visible crystal faces. Found globally, notably in India, Brazil, and the USA.
