gemstone
Carnelian
Silicon dioxide, SiO2 (chalcedony variety)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectMohs hardness of 6.5-7; reddish-orange to brown color; waxy to vitreous luster; microcrystalline quartz structure.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness of 6.5-7; reddish-orange to brown color; waxy to vitreous luster; microcrystalline quartz structure.
Formation & geological history
Forms in low-temperature hydrothermal veins and volcanic cavities through silica-rich groundwater deposition.
Uses & applications
Widely used in jewelry, cabochons, beads, and ancient signet rings.
Geological facts
Carnelian was prized in ancient Egypt for amulets and was often placed in tombs to aid the soul's journey.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its translucent orange hue, waxy luster, and distinct conchoidal fracture. Found globally, notably in India, Brazil, and Uruguay.
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