gemstone
Carnelian
Silicon dioxide (chalcedony variety), SiO2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, orange to deep brownish-red color, vitreous to waxy luster, and microcrystalline crystal structure with conchoidal fracture.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, orange to deep brownish-red color, vitreous to waxy luster, and microcrystalline crystal structure with conchoidal fracture.
Formation & geological history
Forms in low-temperature hydrothermal environments and groundwater solutions depositing silica within cavities of volcanic or sedimentary rocks.
Uses & applications
Widely used in making polished cabochons, beads, rings, amulets, and intaglio seal stones since antiquity.
Geological facts
Ancient Egyptians prized carnelian for amulets symbolizing life and courage, often placing them in the tombs of pharaohs.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive translucent reddish-orange hue and waxy luster; commonly sourced from India, Brazil, and Uruguay.
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