mineral

Carnelian

Silicon Dioxide (Quartz variety), SiO2

Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, orange to reddish-orange color, vitreous to waxy luster, trigonal crystal system, conchoidal fracture with no true cleavage, specific gravity of 2.65.

Identified August 1, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, orange to reddish-orange color, vitreous to waxy luster, trigonal crystal system, conchoidal fracture with no true cleavage, specific gravity of 2.65.

Formation & geological history

Formed in silica-rich groundwater environments, typically precipitating within cavities of volcanic or sedimentary rocks over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Widely used in making jewelry, beads, talismans, and ornamental carvings.

Geological facts

Carnelian was highly prized in ancient civilizations such as Ancient Egypt, where it was associated with Isis and used in amulets to ensure safe passage to the afterlife.

Field identification & locations

Easily identified by its translucent orange-to-red color and waxy luster; commonly found in riverbeds, gravel deposits, and volcanic regions worldwide.