gemstone
Carnelian
Silicon Dioxide (Chalcedony variety, SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, red to orange-red color, vitreous to waxy luster, microcrystalline crystal structure, and conchoidal fracture with no cleavage.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, red to orange-red color, vitreous to waxy luster, microcrystalline crystal structure, and conchoidal fracture with no cleavage.
Formation & geological history
Forms in low-temperature hydrothermal environments or as silica-rich groundwaters deposit microcrystalline quartz within cavities of pre-existing rocks.
Uses & applications
Widely used in jewelry making, carved intaglios, and lapidary arts due to its rich color and durability.
Geological facts
Carnelian was highly prized by ancient civilizations like the Egyptians and Romans for signet rings and amulets.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its waxy luster, reddish-orange translucent body, and inability to be scratched by steel.
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