mineral
Carnelian
Silicon dioxide (Chalcedony variety)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectMohs hardness of 6.5 to 7; orange to reddish-brown color; waxy to vitreous luster; trigonal crystal system with microcrystalline structure; lacks cleavage and displays conchoidal fracture.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7; orange to reddish-brown color; waxy to vitreous luster; trigonal crystal system with microcrystalline structure; lacks cleavage and displays conchoidal fracture.
Formation & geological history
Forms in silica-rich solutions filling cavities in volcanic or sedimentary rocks at low temperatures, often through groundwater deposition over thousands to millions of years.
Uses & applications
Widely used in jewelry, signet rings, beads, carved cameos, and as an ornamental gemstone.
Geological facts
Carnelian has been prized since ancient times, frequently used in pharaonic Egypt for amulets and in Roman cultures for wax seal rings.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive orange-red translucency and waxy luster; commonly found in India, Brazil, Uruguay, and the United States.
