mineral
Carnelian
Carnelian (SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 6.5-7 Mohs; Color: reddish-orange to brownish-red; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline); Specific gravity: 2.58-2.64
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- reddish-orange to brownish-red
- Luster
- Vitreous to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs; Color: reddish-orange to brownish-red; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline); Specific gravity: 2.58-2.64
Formation & geological history
Formed as a cryptocrystalline variety of quartz in silica-rich volcanic or sedimentary environments, often occurring as fillings in cavities of igneous rocks.
Uses & applications
Predominantly used as a gemstone in jewelry, beads, cabochons, seal stones, and ornamental carvings.
Geological facts
Carnelian has been used since the Neolithic era and was highly valued by Ancient Egyptians and Romans for signet rings and amulets because it does not stick to hot wax.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its translucent to semi-opaque orange-red hue and lack of banding (unlike agate). Commonly found in Brazil, India, Madagascar, and Uruguay.
