gemstone
Carnelian
Silicon dioxide (chalcedony variety), SiO2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectMohs hardness of 6.5 to 7; orange to brownish-red color; vitreous to waxy luster; microcrystalline quartz structure.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7; orange to brownish-red color; vitreous to waxy luster; microcrystalline quartz structure.
Formation & geological history
Forms in low-temperature hydrothermal environments and cavities of volcanic rocks through silica deposition in groundwater.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in jewelry, as carved talismans, and prized by mineral collectors.
Geological facts
Ancient civilizations extensively used carnelian for signet rings and royal burial amulets due to its durability and rich color.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its translucent orange-red hue and conchoidal fracture, commonly sourced from India, Brazil, and Madagascar.
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