mineral
Carnelian
Silicon Dioxide (Quartz variety), SiO2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, orange to brownish-red color, vitreous to waxy luster, trigonal crystal system, conchoidal fracture with no true cleavage, specific gravity of 2.65
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Physical properties
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, orange to brownish-red color, vitreous to waxy luster, trigonal crystal system, conchoidal fracture with no true cleavage, specific gravity of 2.65
Formation & geological history
Forms in low-temperature environments such as groundwater cavities in volcanic or sedimentary rocks, where silica-rich solutions deposit microscopic quartz crystals colored by iron oxide impurities.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in jewelry, as carved gemstones, beads, and for ornamental displays or crystal healing.
Geological facts
Carnelian has been prized since ancient times, widely used in ancient Rome for signet rings because hot wax does not stick to it, and featured prominently in the jewelry of ancient Egyptian pharaohs.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its characteristic translucent orange-to-red hue and waxy luster, commonly found in Brazil, India, Siberia, and parts of the United States.
