mineral
Carnelian
Chalcedony (SiO2)
Hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, reddish-orange to brown color, vitreous to waxy luster, microcrystalline (cryptocrystalline) quartz structure, conchoidal fracture with no cleavage, and a specific gravity of roughly 2.58 to 2.64.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, reddish-orange to brown color, vitreous to waxy luster, microcrystalline (cryptocrystalline) quartz structure, conchoidal fracture with no cleavage, and a specific gravity of roughly 2.58 to 2.64.
Formation & geological history
Formed in low-temperature environments through the deposition of silica from groundwater in cavities of rocks, often volcanic or sedimentary rocks, typically occurring over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Widely used in jewelry such as rings, beads, and pendants, and historically popular for engraved signet rings and talismans.
Geological facts
Carnelian has been prized as a gemstone since ancient times, used by the ancient Egyptians, Romans, and Greeks for seals and protective amulets.
Field identification & locations
Can be identified by its distinctive translucent reddish-orange color, waxy luster, and conchoidal fracture. Commonly found in Brazil, India, Uruguay, and parts of the United States.
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