mineral
Carnelian
Silicon dioxide (Chalcedony variety), SiO2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. Exhibits a waxy to vitreous luster with a translucent to opaque reddish-orange to brownish color.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. Exhibits a waxy to vitreous luster with a translucent to opaque reddish-orange to brownish color.
Formation & geological history
Forms from silica-rich groundwater depositing quartz in cavities of volcanic and sedimentary rocks over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Widely used for lapidary work, carved gemstones, beads, and decorative ornaments.
Geological facts
Ancient civilizations prized carnelian for signet rings and amulets, believing it imparted courage and vitality.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its waxy luster, conchoidal fracture, and vibrant orange-red translucent color; found globally in volcanic regions.
