mineral
Carnelian
Silicon Dioxide (Chalcedony), SiO2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, orange to reddish-brown color, waxy to vitreous luster, microcrystalline quartz structure with conchoidal fracture.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, orange to reddish-brown color, waxy to vitreous luster, microcrystalline quartz structure with conchoidal fracture.
Formation & geological history
Forms in low-temperature hydrothermal environments and silica-rich groundwater solutions, often filling cavities in volcanic rocks.
Uses & applications
Widely used in jewelry, cabochons, beads, and carved decorative items like intaglios and signet rings.
Geological facts
Ancient Egyptians prized carnelian for amulets representing the goddess Isis, and it was commonly used for royal signet rings.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its distinct waxy translucent orange color and conchoidal fracture. Found globally including in India, Brazil, and Uruguay.
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