mineral
Carnelian
Silicon dioxide (SiO2) with Iron Oxide impurities
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: Orange to reddish-brown; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline); Cleavage: None; SG: 2.58-2.64
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Orange to reddish-brown
- Luster
- Vitreous to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: Orange to reddish-brown; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline); Cleavage: None; SG: 2.58-2.64
Formation & geological history
Formed through the deposition of silica in cavities of volcanic rocks, often colored by hematite impurities during or after crystallization. Found in ancient basalt flows.
Uses & applications
Mainly used in jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, wax seals, and spiritual healing practices.
Geological facts
In ancient Egypt, carnelian was linked to the goddess Isis and was worn by architects to show their rank. It is a translucent variety of chalcedony.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its uniform orange-red color and waxy luster. Commonly found in Brazil, India, Uruguay, and Madagascar. It can be distinguished from red jasper by its translucency.
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Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)
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Epidote
Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)
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Igneous Pegmatite
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Granite
Granite (Phaneritic intrusive igneous rock)
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