gemstone
Carnelian
SiO2 (variety of Chalcedony)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, orange to reddish-brown color, waxy to vitreous luster, and conchoidal fracture.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, orange to reddish-brown color, waxy to vitreous luster, and conchoidal fracture.
Formation & geological history
Forms in low-temperature hydrothermal environments and cavities of volcanic rocks through silica deposition in groundwater.
Uses & applications
Widely used in tumbled stones, jewelry, beads, and ancient carved seals or intaglios.
Geological facts
Carnelian was highly prized in ancient Egypt and Rome for signet rings and amulets, believed to impart courage and vitality.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its translucent reddish-orange banding, waxy luster, and resistance to scratching steel; found globally including in Brazil, India, and the USA.
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