mineral
Cassiterite (Tin Ore)
Cassiterite (Tin(IV) Oxide, SnO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness 6-7 on Mohs scale; dark brown to brownish-black; adamantine to submetallic luster; tetragonal crystal system; specific gravity very high (6.8-7.1 g/cm³).
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Physical properties
Hardness 6-7 on Mohs scale; dark brown to brownish-black; adamantine to submetallic luster; tetragonal crystal system; specific gravity very high (6.8-7.1 g/cm³).
Formation & geological history
Forms primarily in high-temperature hydrothermal veins, greisens, and granitic pegmatites; commonly concentrated into heavy placer alluvial gravels over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Primary global ore of tin metal used in electronics solder, tin plating, and alloys; collected as placer mineral concentrates.
Geological facts
Historically called 'tinstone,' cassiterite has fueled human metalworking since the Bronze Age beginning around 3000 BCE.
Field identification & locations
Identifiable in the field by its surprisingly high density (very heavy in hand), dark brown-black color, and non-magnetic nature compared to magnetite. Found in Malaysia, Bolivia, DR Congo, and China.
