
sedimentary
Chalcedony or chert pebble with iron-oxide staining
Microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), possibly a weathered chert or flint nodule
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness about 6.5–7 Mohs; gray-brown, dull to waxy luster, very fine-grained and conchoidally fracturing. The pale outer rind and darker interior suggest weathering and iron/mineral staining; no visible cleavage.
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Physical properties
Hardness about 6.5–7 Mohs; gray-brown, dull to waxy luster, very fine-grained and conchoidally fracturing. The pale outer rind and darker interior suggest weathering and iron/mineral staining; no visible cleavage.
Formation & geological history
Likely formed when silica-rich groundwater replaced or cemented sediment, producing microcrystalline quartz; the outer cortex developed during weathering. Exact geological age cannot be determined from the photograph.
Uses & applications
Used historically for cutting tools and fire-starting, and today as a lapidary or collecting material; generally not valuable as construction stone.
Geological facts
Chert and chalcedony are varieties of microcrystalline quartz, often difficult to distinguish visually without testing. The dark center may also represent a silicified fossil or another included mineral.
Field identification & locations
Common in river gravels, limestone terrains, and weathered sedimentary formations. Test with a steel file or glass: genuine quartz-rich chert can scratch glass; a freshly broken surface should be smooth and waxy rather than granular.
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