sedimentary
Chert / Flint Pebble
Microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, dull to waxy luster, conchoidal fracture, white to greyish-brown color with mottled patterns, cryptocrystalline structure, specific gravity around 2.60.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, dull to waxy luster, conchoidal fracture, white to greyish-brown color with mottled patterns, cryptocrystalline structure, specific gravity around 2.60.
Formation & geological history
Formed in marine environments through the chemical precipitation of silica or replacement of limestone/chalk by silica-rich fluids over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Historically used for making stone tools, arrowheads, and striking fire; currently used in decorative landscaping, road aggregate, and historically in ball mills.
Geological facts
Chert and flint are chemically identical forms of microcrystalline quartz, traditionally distinguished by color where darker varieties are often called flint.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its characteristic conchoidal fracture and high hardness that scratches glass; commonly found in chalk and limestone deposits worldwide.
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