mineral
Chrysocolla (Copper Ore)
Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4·nH2O
Hardness 2.0 to 4.0 on the Mohs scale, vivid cyan, turquoise, or blue-green color, vitreous to earthy luster, amorphous or microcrystalline structure, conchoidal to uneven fracture, specific gravity around 2.0-2.4.
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Physical properties
Hardness 2.0 to 4.0 on the Mohs scale, vivid cyan, turquoise, or blue-green color, vitreous to earthy luster, amorphous or microcrystalline structure, conchoidal to uneven fracture, specific gravity around 2.0-2.4.
Formation & geological history
Formed as a secondary mineral in the oxidation zones of copper ore deposits where copper-bearing fluids react with silica-rich groundwater. Commonly associated with malachite, azurite, and quartz.
Uses & applications
Minor copper ore, popular ornamental stone, widely used in cabochons for jewelry, lapidary arts, and highly prized by mineral collectors.
Geological facts
The name 'chrysocolla' derives from the Greek words 'chrysos' (gold) and 'kolla' (glue), referencing its ancient use as a flux to weld gold. It often forms pseudomorphs after other minerals.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive sky-blue to blue-green color in copper mining districts, soft texture compared to turquoise, and association with other secondary copper minerals. Found in Arizona and New Mexico (USA), Chile, Peru, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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sedimentary
Schist
Schist
Metamorphic
Sandstone with Mineral Veining or Crust
Sedimentary Sandstone (mostly SiO2 with Fe2O3 tinting)
sedimentary
Potassium Feldspar (Orthoclase)
Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8)
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Gypsum (variety Selenite or Alabaster)
Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O)
Mineral
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite
Mineral/Rock