mineral

Chrysocolla (or Turquoise/Aventurine)

Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4·nH2O

Hardness 2-4 on Mohs scale (for pure chrysocolla, often higher if intergrown with quartz), light blue-green to greenish-blue color, waxy to earthy luster, massive or botryoidal habit, specific gravity around 2.0-2.4.

Identified July 25, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Secondary mineral formed in the oxidation zones of copper ore deposits, typically through the weathering of primary copper minerals in arid or semi-arid environments.

Uses & applications

Used primarily as an ornamental stone, gemstone for cabochons, carved decorative items, and as a popular specimen for rock collectors. Historically used as a minor copper ore.

Geological facts

The name 'chrysocolla' comes from the Greek words 'chrysos' (gold) and 'kolla' (glue), referring to its ancient use as a flux to solder gold. It is frequently found closely associated with other copper minerals like malachite, azurite, and quartz.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its distinctive pale blue-green or turquoise hue, waxy or dull fracture surface, and association with copper mineral veins. Common field locations include Arizona and New Mexico (USA), Peru, Chile, Russia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Other mineral specimens

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Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)

Arenite (SiO2 based)

sedimentary

Schist

Metamorphic

Sandstone with Mineral Veining or Crust

Sedimentary Sandstone (mostly SiO2 with Fe2O3 tinting)

sedimentary

Potassium Feldspar (Orthoclase)

Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8)

mineral

Gypsum (variety Selenite or Alabaster)

Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O)

Mineral

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite

Mineral/Rock