mineral

Chrysocolla (with Malachite / Copper Ore Matrix)

Chrysocolla (Cu,Al)2H2Si2O5(OH)4·nH2O / Malachite Cu2CO3(OH)2

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 2.5–4.0 on Mohs scale. Color: Vivid turquoise-blue to blue-green and deep green. Luster: Vitreous, dull, to earthy. Crystal System: Monoclinic/Orthorhombic (often microcrystalline or massive). Specific Gravity: 2.0–2.4.

Hardness: 2
Color: Vivid turquoise-blue to blue-green and deep green
Luster: Vitreous, dull, to earthy

Identified July 23, 2026More mineral →

Explore Chrysocolla (with Malachite / Copper Ore Matrix) in the encyclopedia →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms as a secondary mineral in the oxidation zones of copper ore deposits. Created by the reaction of copper-rich hydrothermal fluids with silica and carbonated meteoric water near the Earth's surface.

Uses & applications

Used as an ore of copper, as a popular gemstone, lapidary material, and cabochon for jewelry, as well as a highly sought-after display specimen for mineral collectors.

Geological facts

Chrysocolla was first mentioned by Theophrastus in 315 BC, who named it after the Greek words 'chrysos' (gold) and 'kolla' (glue), referring to its ancient use as a flux to solder gold.

Field identification & locations

Identified in the field by its striking blue-green crusts, botryoidal formations, or earthy coatings associated with other secondary copper minerals like malachite, azurite, and cuprite. Commonly found in copper-rich mining regions such as Arizona (USA), Chile, Peru, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.