mineral
Chrysocolla (with Malachite / Copper Ore Matrix)
Chrysocolla (Cu,Al)2H2Si2O5(OH)4·nH2O / Malachite Cu2CO3(OH)2
Hardness: 2.5–4.0 on Mohs scale. Color: Vivid turquoise-blue to blue-green and deep green. Luster: Vitreous, dull, to earthy. Crystal System: Monoclinic/Orthorhombic (often microcrystalline or massive). Specific Gravity: 2.0–2.4.
- Hardness
- 2
- Color
- Vivid turquoise-blue to blue-green and deep green
- Luster
- Vitreous, dull, to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.5–4.0 on Mohs scale. Color: Vivid turquoise-blue to blue-green and deep green. Luster: Vitreous, dull, to earthy. Crystal System: Monoclinic/Orthorhombic (often microcrystalline or massive). Specific Gravity: 2.0–2.4.
Formation & geological history
Forms as a secondary mineral in the oxidation zones of copper ore deposits. Created by the reaction of copper-rich hydrothermal fluids with silica and carbonated meteoric water near the Earth's surface.
Uses & applications
Used as an ore of copper, as a popular gemstone, lapidary material, and cabochon for jewelry, as well as a highly sought-after display specimen for mineral collectors.
Geological facts
Chrysocolla was first mentioned by Theophrastus in 315 BC, who named it after the Greek words 'chrysos' (gold) and 'kolla' (glue), referring to its ancient use as a flux to solder gold.
Field identification & locations
Identified in the field by its striking blue-green crusts, botryoidal formations, or earthy coatings associated with other secondary copper minerals like malachite, azurite, and cuprite. Commonly found in copper-rich mining regions such as Arizona (USA), Chile, Peru, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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