mineral

Chrysocolla

Hydrated copper silicates (Cu,Al)2H2Si2O5(OH)4·nH2O

Hardness: 2.5-3.5 (can reach 7 if silicified); Color: Cyan, teal, or deep blue; Luster: Vitreous to earthy; Crystal structure: Orthorhombic (often amorphous or microcrystalline); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.0-2.4.

Hardness: 2
Color: Cyan, teal, or deep blue
Luster: Vitreous to earthy

Identified March 11, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in the oxidation zones of copper ore bodies where copper-bearing solutions react with silica-rich water. It is a secondary mineral commonly associated with azurite, malachite, and cuprite.

Uses & applications

Used primarily as a minor ore of copper, as a gemstone (cabochons), and for ornamental carvings. It is highly valued as a collector's specimen due to its vibrant color.

Geological facts

Chrysocolla has been known since antiquity; its name comes from the Greek words 'chrysos' (gold) and 'kolla' (glue), as it was used by ancient goldsmiths as a soldering agent. Some specimens are naturally infused with quartz, creating 'Gem Silica,' the most valuable form.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct cyan color and association with other copper minerals. It will often stick to the tongue due to its high water content. Found commonly in copper-rich regions like Arizona (USA), Chile, DRC (Congo), and Israel.

Other mineral specimens

See all

Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)

Arenite (SiO2 based)

sedimentary

Schist

Metamorphic

Epidote

Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)

metamorphic

Gypsum (variety Selenite or Alabaster)

Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O)

Mineral

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite

Mineral/Rock

Granite

Granite (Phaneritic intrusive igneous rock)

igneous