mineral

Cinnabar in Matrix

Cinnabar (Mercury(II) sulfide, HgS)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 2.0-2.5 (Mohs scale), Color: Bright red to brownish-red, Luster: Adamantine to dull earthy, Crystal Structure: Trigonal, Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral, Specific Gravity: 8.1

Hardness: 2

Identified April 8, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 2.0-2.5 (Mohs scale), Color: Bright red to brownish-red, Luster: Adamantine to dull earthy, Crystal Structure: Trigonal, Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral, Specific Gravity: 8.1

Formation & geological history

Formed in low-temperature hydrothermal veins and near volcanic activity or alkaline hot springs, often as impregnations or vein fillings in sedimentary rocks like limestone or sandstone.

Uses & applications

Historically used as a red pigment (vermilion) and the primary ore of mercury. Today, it is mostly a collector's mineral due to mercury toxicity.

Geological facts

Cinnabar has been used since the Neolithic for its vibrant red pigment. It is highly toxic if inhaled as dust or heated, as it releases mercury vapor. Famous localities include Almadén in Spain.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its distinct blood-red color and high density (unusually heavy for its size). Commonly found in volcanic regions. Use caution and wash hands after handling.