mineral

Citrine and Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale; yellow, amber, or brownish-yellow color; vitreous luster; trigonal crystal system; conchoidal fracture with no true cleavage; specific gravity of 2.65.

Identified August 2, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale; yellow, amber, or brownish-yellow color; vitreous luster; trigonal crystal system; conchoidal fracture with no true cleavage; specific gravity of 2.65.

Formation & geological history

Formed in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary environments, frequently occurring in pegmatites, hydrothermal veins, and as a secondary mineral from the alteration of amethyst via natural heat or irradiation.

Uses & applications

Widely used in jewelry, decorative carvings, metaphysical practices, and as ornamental gemstone pieces for collectors.

Geological facts

Natural citrine is relatively rare compared to heat-treated amethyst, which is commonly sold commercially as citrine. Its yellow color is typically caused by trace amounts of iron impurities and natural irradiation.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its distinctive yellow to brownish-orange color, high hardness, conchoidal fracture, and glassy luster. Commonly sourced from Brazil, Madagascar, Russia, and the United States.