Rock Identifier
Citrine quartz gemstones (Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂), likely heat-treated amethyst or smoky quartz) — gemstone
gemstone

Citrine quartz gemstones

Quartz, silicon dioxide (SiO₂), likely heat-treated amethyst or smoky quartz

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Mohs hardness 7; transparent yellow to honey-brown color, vitreous luster, and trigonal crystal structure. Quartz has indistinct cleavage, conchoidal fracture, and specific gravity about 2.65; the stones appear faceted and polished.

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Physical properties

Mohs hardness 7; transparent yellow to honey-brown color, vitreous luster, and trigonal crystal structure. Quartz has indistinct cleavage, conchoidal fracture, and specific gravity about 2.65; the stones appear faceted and polished.

Formation & geological history

Natural citrine forms when iron-bearing quartz crystallizes in hydrothermal veins or pegmatites; much commercial citrine is heat-treated amethyst. Quartz commonly formed from the Precambrian onward in granitic and volcanic environments.

Uses & applications

Used primarily as jewelry and ornamental gemstones; quartz is also important in glass, electronics, abrasives, and engineered stone. These appear cut for rings, pendants, or decorative use.

Geological facts

Natural citrine is relatively uncommon, while heat-treated amethyst is widespread and often more orange-brown. Color zoning, reddish heat marks, or an amethyst-like purple remnant can indicate treatment.

Field identification & locations

Check for quartz’s hardness, glassy luster, and conchoidal fracture; it should scratch ordinary glass but not be scratched by a steel knife. Common sources include Brazil, Madagascar, Zambia, Uruguay, and Russia; faceting and apparent clarity make exact locality difficult to determine.