mineral
Citrine Quartz
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale yellow to golden-orange; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (hexagonal prisms); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65
- Hardness
- 7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Pale yellow to golden-orange
- Luster
- Vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale yellow to golden-orange; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (hexagonal prisms); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Formed in igneous and metamorphic environments, specifically pegmatites and hydrothermal veins. Natural citrine is rare and often formed when amethyst or smoky quartz is heated by neighboring magma or geothermal processes.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry (as a gemstone), ornamental carving, and by mineral collectors. It is also significant in the metaphysical industry as a 'stone of manifestation.'
Geological facts
Natural citrine is quite rare; most 'citrine' in the commercial market is actually heat-treated amethyst. It is known as the 'Merchant's Stone' due to legends that it helps accumulate wealth. It is the birthstone for November.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its hardness (will scratch glass) and lack of cleavage. Note the yellow phantom-like inclusions. Found in Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia. Collectors look for clarity and natural (not heat-treated) color saturation.
