mineral
Citrine
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Yellow to golden orange; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.65
- Hardness
- 7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Yellow to golden orange
- Luster
- Vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Yellow to golden orange; Luster: Vitreous; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Formed in igneous or metamorphic environments when amethyst or smoky quartz is subjected to high temperatures naturally, or through cooling hydrothermal fluids in pegmatites.
Uses & applications
Predominantly used as a gemstone in jewelry, decorative carvings, and as a popular specimen for mineral collectors.
Geological facts
Natural citrine is quite rare; most commercial citrine is actually heat-treated amethyst or smoky quartz. It is often called the 'Merchant's Stone' in folklore.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its vitreous luster and quartz-like fractures. It lacks the pleochroism of yellow topaz. Found commonly in Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia.
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