sedimentary
Coal (Bituminous / Anthracite)
Carbonaceous Sedimentary Rock (C)
Hardness: 0.5-2.5 (Mohs scale), Color: Dull black to dark gray, Luster: Sub-metallic to dull, Structure: Amorphous/microcrystalline, Cleavage: Blocky to conchoidal fracture, Specific Gravity: 1.1-1.4
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Physical properties
Hardness: 0.5-2.5 (Mohs scale), Color: Dull black to dark gray, Luster: Sub-metallic to dull, Structure: Amorphous/microcrystalline, Cleavage: Blocky to conchoidal fracture, Specific Gravity: 1.1-1.4
Formation & geological history
Formed over millions of years from dead plant material submerged in swamp environments, subjected to heat and pressure deep underground during the Carboniferous period.
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a fossil fuel for electricity generation, steel production (coking coal), and industrial chemical synthesis.
Geological facts
Coal accounts for about 37% of global electricity generation. It is composed mainly of carbon along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its lightweight nature relative to size, deep black or dark gray color, dull or vitreous luster, and ability to leave a dark streak. Commonly found in sedimentary coal basins globally.
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