gemstone
Diamond (or Cut Gemstone Simulants)
Carbon (C)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectMohs hardness 10; adamantine luster; isometric crystal structure; perfect octahedral cleavage; specific gravity ~3.52.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness 10; adamantine luster; isometric crystal structure; perfect octahedral cleavage; specific gravity ~3.52.
Formation & geological history
Formed under extreme temperature and pressure in the Earth's upper mantle and brought to the surface via kimberlite or lamproite volcanic pipes.
Uses & applications
Used widely in high-end jewelry as faceted gemstones and in industrial cutting, grinding, and drilling applications.
Geological facts
Diamond is the hardest known natural mineral and is composed of pure elemental carbon arranged in a face-centered cubic lattice.
Field identification & locations
Identified by high dispersion, exceptional hardness, thermal conductivity, and refractive index (2.42). Commonly mined in Russia, Botswana, Canada, and Australia.
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