Diamond (or Diamond Simulant)

Hardness: 10 on Mohs scale (hardest known natural substance). Color: colorless/white. Luster: Adamantine. Crystal structure: Isometric (cubic). Cleavage: Perfect in four directions. Specific Gravity: 3.51-3.53.

Formed deep within the Earth's mantle (about 100 miles down) under intense heat (over 2,000°F) and extreme pressure, typically over 1 to 3 billion years ago. They are brought to the surface by deep-vein volcanic eruptions known as kimberlite pipes.

Primary use in jewelry as a gemstone and industrial uses including cutting, grinding, and drilling due to extreme hardness (industrial grade).

The word diamond comes from the Greek word 'adamas', meaning invincible. They are the only gemstone made of a single element: Carbon. Most diamonds found in nature were delivered to the surface by ancient volcanic eruptions that occurred millions of years ago.

Identification includes testing for high thermal conductivity (using a diamond tester), checking for a high level of dispersion (fire), and the 'breath test' (fog clears almost instantly). However, the specimen in the photo appears to be a faceted/cut stone, which makes it indistinguishable from glass, cubic zirconia, or moissanite without professional tools.