gemstone
Diamond (or Simulant)
Carbon (C)
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this specimen), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Cubic, Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.52
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Physical properties
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this specimen), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Cubic, Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.52
Formation & geological history
Formed under extreme pressure and high temperature deep within the Earth's mantle (150-250km deep). Transported to the surface via volcanic pipes called kimberlites. Most diamonds are 1 to 3 billion years old.
Uses & applications
Primary use in high-end jewelry (engagement rings, necklaces), and industrial applications for cutting, grinding, and drilling due to extreme hardness.
Geological facts
Diamonds are the hardest known natural substance. The Hope Diamond is one of the most famous specimens, known for its deep blue color and supposed curse.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its brilliance and ability to scratch any other material. Natural diamonds typically have 'inclusions' visible under magnification. Common sources include Russia, Botswana, and Canada.
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