gemstone
Diamond (or Simulant)
Carbon (C) or Cubic Zirconia (ZrO2)
Hardness 10 (Diamond) or 8-8.5 (CZ); Adamantine luster; Clear/White; Cubic crystal system; High dispersion/fire.
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Physical properties
Hardness 10 (Diamond) or 8-8.5 (CZ); Adamantine luster; Clear/White; Cubic crystal system; High dispersion/fire.
Formation & geological history
Formed deep in the Earth's mantle under extreme pressure and heat, then transported to the surface by kimberlite eruptions. Laboratory-grown versions are also common.
Uses & applications
Primary use in high-end jewelry (engagement rings, earrings) and industrial applications for cutting, grinding, and drilling due to extreme hardness.
Geological facts
Diamonds are the hardest natural substance on Earth. They are approximately 1 to 3.5 billion years old. Modern equivalents like Cubic Zirconia or Moissanite are common visual substitutes.
Field identification & locations
In the field, look for high dispersion (flashes of rainbow colors) and a cold feel. A professional jeweler's thermal or electrical conductivity test is needed for definitive ID.
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