mineral
Diamond (or synthetic simulant)
Cubic C (Carbon)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless to faint yellow/brown, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral (cubic), Cleavage: Perfect in four directions (octahedral), Specific Gravity: 3.52
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Physical properties
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless to faint yellow/brown, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral (cubic), Cleavage: Perfect in four directions (octahedral), Specific Gravity: 3.52
Formation & geological history
Formed deep within the Earth's mantle under extreme pressure and temperature over billions of years, then transported to the surface via volcanic eruptions in kimberlite or lamproite pipes.
Uses & applications
Primary use in high-end jewelry (engagement rings) and industrial applications including cutting, drilling, and grinding due to its unmatched hardness.
Geological facts
Diamonds are the hardest known natural substance. The Cullinan Diamond, found in 1905, is the largest gem-quality rough diamond ever found, weighing 3,106 carats.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its extreme hardness, high dispersion (fire), and thermal conductivity. Found predominantly in South Africa, Russia, Botswana, Canada, and Australia.
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