Rock Identifier
Diamond (or White Topaz / Quartz in Gold Setting) (Carbon (C) [if Diamond] or SiO2 / Al2SiO4(F,OH)2) — gemstone
gemstone

Diamond (or White Topaz / Quartz in Gold Setting)

Carbon (C) [if Diamond] or SiO2 / Al2SiO4(F,OH)2

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness 10 (diamond) or 7-8 (substitutes); colorless, adamantine to vitreous luster, isometric or trigonal crystal system with high refractive index and dispersion.

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Physical properties

Hardness 10 (diamond) or 7-8 (substitutes); colorless, adamantine to vitreous luster, isometric or trigonal crystal system with high refractive index and dispersion.

Formation & geological history

Formed deep in Earth's mantle under extreme pressure and temperature, brought to surface via kimberlite or lamproite volcanic pipes.

Uses & applications

Predominantly faceted for luxury jewelry settings, and used industrially as high-grade abrasives and cutting tools.

Geological facts

Diamond is the hardest known natural mineral and is composed of pure elemental carbon arranged in an extremely durable lattice structure.

Field identification & locations

Identify using thermal/electrical conductivity gem testers, optical refractive index, and microscopic examination for natural inclusions.

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