mineral

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (clear), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric (Cubic), Cleavage: Perfect in four directions, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Identified July 20, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (clear), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric (Cubic), Cleavage: Perfect in four directions, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Formation & geological history

Formed under extreme high-pressure and high-temperature conditions deep within the Earth's mantle (approximately 150-200 km deep). Brought to the surface through deep-source volcanic eruptions known as kimberlite or lamproite pipes. Geological ages range from 1 billion to 3.5 billion years.

Uses & applications

Diamond is primarily used in high-end jewelry as a gemstone and in industrial applications such as cutting tools, drill bits, and abrasives due to its extreme hardness.

Geological facts

Diamond is the hardest naturally occurring substance on Earth. While they are famous for being colorless, they can occur in various colors like blue, yellow, and pink due to chemical impurities or structural defects.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its extreme hardness (cannot be scratched by any other mineral), adamantine luster, and high refractive index. Often found in kimberlite pipes or alluvial deposits in rivers and beaches.