gemstone

Diamond

Carbon (C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this specimen), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Cubic/Isometric, Cleavage: Octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Identified July 6, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this specimen), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Cubic/Isometric, Cleavage: Octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Formation & geological history

Formed under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions in the Earth's mantle, approximately 150-250 kilometers deep, and brought to the surface by kimberlite pipe eruptions. Formation ages range from 1 to 3.5 billion years.

Uses & applications

Primary use in high-end jewelry (necklaces, rings) and heavy industrial applications like cutting, grinding, and drilling due to extreme hardness.

Geological facts

Diamond is the hardest naturally occurring substance on Earth. The name is derived from the Greek word 'adamas', meaning unbreakable or invincible.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its high refractive index, extreme hardness, and thermal conductivity. Commonly found in kimberlite pipes or alluvial deposits in countries like Russia, Botswana, Canada, and South Africa.