mineral

Diamond

Pure Carbon (C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this specimen), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric-Hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Perfect in four directions, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Identified May 30, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this specimen), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric-Hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Perfect in four directions, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Formation & geological history

Formed under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions in the Earth's mantle, approximately 90 to 120 miles deep. Transported to the surface via deep-source volcanic eruptions called kimberlite pipes. Geological ages range from 1 to 3.5 billion years.

Uses & applications

Primary use in fine jewelry; industrial applications include cutting, drilling, and grinding tools due to extreme hardness; also used in high-end electronics as heat sinks.

Geological facts

Diamonds are the hardest known natural substance. The name comes from the Greek word 'adamas', meaning unbreakable. Most natural diamonds are billions of years old.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by checking for adamantine luster and high thermal conductivity; common locations include South Africa, Russia, Canada, and Botswana. Collectors look for the 'Four Cs': Cut, Color, Clarity, and Carat weight.