gemstone
Diamond
Diamond (Native Carbon, C)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness 10 on the Mohs scale, adamantine luster, isometric/cubic crystal system, octahedral cleavage, and specific gravity around 3.52.
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Physical properties
Hardness 10 on the Mohs scale, adamantine luster, isometric/cubic crystal system, octahedral cleavage, and specific gravity around 3.52.
Formation & geological history
Formed under extreme pressure and temperature in Earth's upper mantle over 1 to 3 billion years ago, brought to the surface by deep-source volcanic kimberlite pipes.
Uses & applications
Predominantly faceted into fine jewelry; industrial-grade diamonds are widely used as abrasives, cutting tools, and heat sinks.
Geological facts
Diamond is the hardest known natural mineral and holds an exceptionally high refractive index and thermal conductivity.
Field identification & locations
Identified in gemological testing by high thermal conductivity, adamantine brilliance, high dispersion (fire), and scratch resistance; mined in Botswana, Russia, Canada, and Australia.
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