Diamond

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this specimen), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric-Hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.52

Formed under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions deep within the Earth's mantle (approx. 150-200km deep) and brought to the surface via volcanic eruptions through kimberlite and lamproite pipes.

Predominantly used in jewelry for its high brilliance and dispersion; also used extensively in industry for cutting, grinding, and drilling tools due to its extreme hardness.

Diamonds are the hardest known natural substance. The most famous specimen is the Cullinan Diamond, which was the largest gem-quality rough diamond ever found.

Identify by its ability to scratch all other minerals, high thermal conductivity, and adamantine luster. Often found in primary deposits (kimberlite pipes) or secondary alluvial deposits.