mineral
Diamond
C (Native Carbon)
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless to faint yellow/brown (standard), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Perfect in four directions, Specific Gravity: 3.52
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Physical properties
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless to faint yellow/brown (standard), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Perfect in four directions, Specific Gravity: 3.52
Formation & geological history
Formed deep within the Earth's mantle (150-250km) under extreme pressure and temperature, typically brought to the surface by kimberlite eruptions. Most specimens are 1 to 3.5 billion years old.
Uses & applications
Predominantly used in jewelry (gemstones) and industrially as an abrasive for cutting, drilling, and grinding due to its unmatched hardness.
Geological facts
Diamonds are the hardest known natural material. Approximately 80% of mined diamonds are used for industrial purposes rather than jewelry.
Field identification & locations
Identification involves measuring thermal conductivity, refraction, and checking for octahedral crystal habits in rough form. Commonly found in Botswana, Russia, Canada, and South Africa.
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